A guide to Canadian work permits

Two main types of work permit

• Employer-specific work permit: only for working for one named employer, in a set job and conditions.
• Open work permit: lets you work for most employers, under the conditions written on the permit.

What role does the LMIA play?

For many employer-specific work permits, the employer must first get a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA), showing that hiring a foreign worker will not harm the Canadian labour market. Some permits are LMIA-exempt, for example because of international agreements or special programs.

Who may get an open work permit?

• Some graduates of Canadian schools (PGWP)
• Some spouses of students and foreign workers
• Participants in youth exchange programs (such as IEC)
• Other specific groups under the current rules

The conditions for each group can change; check the current rules before you apply.

The steps in short

• Work out which type of permit suits you.
• Get a job offer and, where needed, an LMIA or an offer of employment number from the employer.
• Prepare documents: passport, education and work records.
• Submit the application and give biometrics.
• Receive the decision and start work under the permit's conditions.

From work to permanent residence

Skilled work experience in Canada can help in routes such as the Canadian Experience Class (CEC) and some provincial programs. How job offers and work experience count in each program can change, so match your plan to the current rules.

A warning

Be careful with anyone asking for money to "sell" a job offer or an LMIA, and check them. Paying for a job offer can be illegal and can put your application at risk.